Use of plant growth regulators

 

1. Root cuttings

Indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid fast soaking method: prepare 1000mg/L high concentration solution and put it in the bottom basin, the depth of the drug solution is 3 ~ 100px, then put a small bundle of cuttings upright in the container, soak After 5 seconds, take it out to dry and then cut it in the seedbed. This method is easy to operate, less equipment, the same solution can be used repeatedly, less dosage and fast speed. Slow soaking method: Indole acetic acid is formulated into a solution with a concentration of 25mg/L (variety that is easy to root) ~ 200mg/L (variety that is not easy to root), and then the base of the cuttings is immersed in the liquid for 8-12 hours and then the cuttings are taken out. This method has a long dipping time, a large number of cutting points require more containers and a large amount of medicine. Dip powder method: Take 1g indole acetic acid, dissolve it with 95% alcohol or 60-degree shochu, and then fully mix with 1000g talcum powder. After the alcohol evaporates, it will become 1000mg/L indole acetic acid powder. When cutting the cuttings, first soak the base of the cuttings with water, then dip them in the prepared indole acetic acid powder, shake off the excessive powder, and insert them into the seedbed.

Naphthalene acetic acid is selected for annual sticks with good varieties, robust growth, full buds and no pests, and the base of the cuttings 2～75px is immersed in 50～100mg/L naphthalene acetic acid solution for 8～12h, and then buried in damp Promoting roots in the sand can promote rooting and inhibit the premature germination of cutting buds, thereby shortening the time difference between cutting buds and new roots, and increasing the survival rate of cuttings. Note that naphthalene acetic acid can be used in combination with indole acetic acid to improve the root promoting effect.

2. Inhibit new shoot growth

Daminozide can shorten the growth of grapes between branches, darken the leaf color, small and thick leaves, and increase chlorophyll. Daminozide  is not as strong as chlormequat in controlling the growth of new shoots of grapes. At the same time, the production time of the effect of suppressing shoots is also slower. According to the test, the treatment effect of 200mg/L Daminozide on muscat grape is better, but it should be increased to 2000-3000mg/L for Kyoho, Kangke and other grapes. The time of spraying Daminozide is 7-10 days earlier than that of Chlormequat, and the spraying concentration is 2000-3000mg/L. The spraying concentration is determined according to the grape variety.

Note: When using Daminozide, the local varieties should be tested before promotion; Kyoho treated with Daminozide 4000mg/L without phytotoxicity. When the new shoots of grapes grow 6 to 7 leaves, spray with 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L Daminozide once to inhibit the growth of new shoots and increase yield. It can also be mixed with gibberellin to increase the proportion of seedless fruits, increase fruit hardness, and reduce the damage rate during transportation.

Regulating Phosphine One month before the berries mature, spraying the whole plant at a concentration of 500-1000 mg/kg can increase the sugar content of the fruit: control the growth of accessory shoots. The physiological effect of regulating phosphorus increases obviously with the increase of the applied concentration, but the highest concentration should not exceed 1500 mg/kg to prevent phytotoxicity.

Chlormequat:At the early stage of the growth of new shoots , before the grapes bloom, spray with 100-500mg/L liquid, which has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of new shoots of grapes. Generally, the growth can be reduced by 1/3 to 2/3 compared with the control. The growth of accessory shoots is also controlled. It can be sprayed with 100-400mg/L of Chlormequat for rose, small white rose, Riesling and other varieties, and 500-800mg/L for Kyoho grape. Note that the effect of spraying chlormequat on the shoots of grapes increases as the concentration increases, but when the concentration is higher than 1000mg/L, the edge of the leaves will be chlorotic and yellow; when the concentration exceeds 3000mg/L, the long-term damage will not be easy to recover. Therefore, the concentration of chlormequat should be controlled when spraying grapes; the control effect of using chlormequat is inconsistent among grape varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to use chlormequat to control shoots according to the local variety and natural conditions and master the appropriate concentration. .

Paclobutrazol soil application: Apply 15% paclobutrazol 6-10g (0.9-1.5g for pure product) to each grape before germination of Kyoho, and harrow the soil after application to make the medicine evenly distributed in the 375px deep soil layer. After 1 to 4 nodes, the length of the internodes was not inhibited. After 4 nodes, the internode lengths were significantly shorter. Compared with the control, the length of new shoots throughout the year was 67% for 6g, 60% for 8g, and 52% for 10g. Foliar spraying: spray paclobutrazol once one week after flowering, the effective dose is 1000-2000mg/L, the annual growth of new shoots is only about 60-2000px, which is about 60% of the control, it is a moderate, robust and fruiting branch . And the formation of flower spikes in the second year was 1.6 to 1.78 times that of the control. Foliar spraying should be in the early stage of the growth of the new shoots of the grapes (usually at the end of the grape flowering period). Too late has no obvious effect on the growth of the new shoots.

3. Increase fruit setting rate, preserve flowers and fruits

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is sprayed 1 to 2 times with 10-15mg/L liquid medicine during the initial flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate.

PCPA with a concentration of p-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (PCPA) of 50 mg/L is treated once in the citrus blooming period and young fruit period, which has a significant effect on fruit preservation.

4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid 15mg/L was sprayed twice at the initial flowering stage and after the flower fall of Kyoho grapes, which has a significant increase in yield and improved fruit quality; 10mg/L concentration of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acidis effective for Muscat grapes The effect is the best. The fruit setting rate increased by 13.4%, the yield per plant increased by 21.49%, the ear color index was 86.3%, the ear regularity was 92.56%, and the sugar-acid ratio was 16.7. If it can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the effect will be even more impressive.

Brassinolide grapes can be used to impregnate the ears with a 0.01mg/L brassinolide ~481 solution 6 days after blooming to increase the fruit setting rate.

The concentration of cytokinin is 5mg/L～10mg/L for greenhouse cultivation and 2mg/L～5mg/L for open field cultivation during the first flower to full bloom period. Flower spike treatment can prevent flower drop. Gibberellin treatment during production Proceed as usual.

When the new shoots are 15～1000px, spraying 500mg/L of chlormequat can promote the differentiation of winter buds on the main vine; spray 300mg/L of chlormequat 2 weeks before flowering or grow rapidly in the accessory shoots Spraying 1000～2000mg/L of chlormequat during the period can promote the differentiation of buds on the accessory shoots into flower buds. However, after the application of chlormequat in grapes, the inflorescence axis is often shortened, the ears are tight, and the fruit kernels squeeze each other, which affects ventilation and light transmission and is prone to disease. If combined with a low concentration of gibberellin, the inflorescence axis can be properly elongated.

4. Improve stress resistance and enhance plant growth

Atonik (1.8% sodium nitrophenolate) is sprayed 5000-6000 times after the sprout, from 20 days before flowering to before flowering, a total of 2 to 3 times, and after the results, spray 1 to 2 times. It can promote fruiting and fruit hypertrophy, continuous use can effectively strengthen and restore tree vigor, inhibit decline, and have a good promoting effect on product quality and taste.

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate: Use 10-15mg/L liquid medicine to spray 1-2 times during the fruit expansion period, which can make the fruit grow faster, the size is uniform, the sugar content increases, and the stress resistance is improved.

5. Expand fruit, improve quality and increase yield

Gibberellin uses gibberellin to increase growth hormone in the fruit granule cells after anthesis, which promotes the elongation and swelling of the cells. At the same time, it mobilizes the transportation and accumulation of organic nutrients to the fruit particles, and rapidly increases the content of the pulp cells, thereby making the fruit particles Increase by 1 to 2 times, thereby significantly increasing the value of the commodity. Although gibberellin alone has the effect of enlarging the fruit grains, it also has the negative effect of making the fruit stems brittle and easy to fall. 6BA and streptomycin can be added to prevent it. Specific coordination The method depends on the variety and method of use and needs to be determined by experiment. When gibberellin is used to increase the size of fruit, it must be combined with good agricultural technology to obtain the desired effect.

Triacontanol  0.5mg/L triacontanol per mu and 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray grapes with a yield of 613kg per mu, an increase of 101%.

Foliar spraying of Daminozide at 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L 15-30 days before harvest can increase fruit hardness. After harvest, if the fruit is soaked with 1000mg/L～2000mg/L medicinal solution, the storage period can be extended.

Mecontamine can increase the absorption of calcium ions, prevent fruit shrinking disease, brown pandemic, and can reduce or reduce the fruit core, increase the amount of pulp, and improve the quality of the fruit.

Cytokinin + gibberellin Kyoho grapes are fully bloomed for 10 and 20 days, and the ears are sprayed with Daguole mixed with cytokinin and gibberellin once, which can make the seedless fruit develop into the same size as the stone fruit, and the fruit can increase Up to 50%.

Mepiquat is sprayed with 500～800mg/L liquid medicine in the florescence period or the young fruit swelling period to promote the formation and differentiation of flower buds, increase the fruit setting rate, increase the sugar content and vitamin C content, and the fruit particles are large and neat , The maturity is 3 to 4 days earlier, increasing the yield and improving the quality.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is sprayed with 100-200mg/L abscisic acid when the fruits begin to mature, which can promote the coloring and maturity of the red varieties of Hongmi, Pioneer and Jingchuan, and also improve the sweetness of the fruits.

CPPU seeded varieties: dip the ears with 20 mg/kg Pirolone liquid for 5 to 10 seconds 10-15 days after flowering, which can promote cell division, prevent flower and fruit drop, and can effectively promote grape fruit The increase. Seedless varieties: can be mixed with gibberellin for better effect, that is, 15 mg/kg CPPU and 100 mg/kg gibberellin are mixed uniformly, and then dipped into grape ears at the end of flowering and 15 days after flowering. It can promote cell division, prevent flower and fruit drop, and can effectively promote the growth of grapes. It should be noted that the use concentration of CPPU should not exceed 20 mg/kg, and the fruit processing time should not be too early, otherwise the phenomenon of large and small grains is easy to form.

Note:CPPU should be used with the preparation, the efficacy will be significantly reduced after 1day. CPPU is very effective in promoting fruit development and increasing fruit size. It has a certain practical value and can be used as a fruit growth promoter. The best effect can be obtained only under the conditions of strong tree vigor and sufficient fertilizer and water. The application concentration and period have a certain suitable range, and it is best to use low concentration and late period. The fruit soaking, smearing and spraying must be even and thoughtful, otherwise it is easy to produce deformed fruit and reduce the value of the product. When promoting fruit swelling, the swelling rate should be controlled at about 20%, combined with proper fruit thinning.

6. Early maturity

Ethephon is a ripening agent for fruits. It is a common medicine for early coloring. When used, the concentration and period vary with varieties. Generally, 100～500mg/L should be used at the beginning of berry ripening, and for colored varieties, 5%～15% of the fruit particles will begin to color. It can be matured for 5-12 days in advance. Experiments show that when the fruits of Kyoho varieties begin to mature, the ears can be sprayed and dipped with 250-300 mg/L of ethephon, which can mature 6-8 days earlier. However, the use of ethephon can cause a delamination between the grains and the stalks and drop the grains. Therefore, it is necessary to master the concentration, spray, harvest, and sell in stages to prevent losses. The optimum concentration for ripening of different grape varieties is different, and the production has to be tested to determine the optimum treatment concentration and method.

Gibberellin Soaked with low-concentration gibberellin solution can greatly advance the ripening period of grape berries. The ears treated with gibberellin can be put on the market nearly one month earlier, and its economic benefits will inevitably be greatly improved.

Prohydrojasmon is a new effective and safety Plant Growth Regulator, it can be used on fruits, like grapes, apples, tomotoes, jujube etc. to advance maturity, make color improvement, increase sugar content. Application (5% Solution) Grape:  make 500 dilution foliar spray on whole grape tree during color change period(2~4 weeks before grape harvest).Apple:  make 250 dilution foliar spray on whole apple tree at 35~42 days prior to harvest and again 7-14 days later. Mixed with Brassinolide, the results is better.

7. Delayed maturity

ATOA (2-nidazole thioxyacetic acid) is carefully sprayed with 10～100mg/L liquid medicine during the growth period of young fruit to the beginning of maturity, which can delay the ripening of grapes and carry out delayed cultivation to extend The supply period of the grapes. The higher the concentration, the more obvious the effect of delaying ripening, but it must be noted that the grape leaves are more sensitive to the drug. Generally, phytotoxicity can occur above 200mg/L, and care must be taken not to spray the drug on the leaves.

8. Seedless fruit

Gibberellin is commonly used in plastic cups one by one dipping method, the concentration of dipping method to treat rose water is 100mg/L before flowering, and the dosage per ear is about 0.5mL. After anthesis, the amount of medicine used for the growth of ears increased by about 1.5 mL per ear. The artificial flower spike dipping method is used for the pre-flowering treatment, and the flower spike is showered with a hand sprayer after the flower. Should choose to avoid the time period when the temperature is higher than 30 degrees in the sunny day before 12 am or after 3 pm and before the sunset. The relative humidity is about 80% and can be maintained for 2 days. Dry weather is easy to cause phytotoxicity, and the treatment effect is not good in rainy days. Avoid this kind of weather during field operations. If there is light rain after 8 hours of treatment, the treatment can be discontinued. If the rainfall is large and the scouring is strong, it must be carried out again. In Turpan, Xinjiang, the secondary and tertiary branches of seedless white grapes fell off very seriously. After using gibberellin, the yield of fresh grapes can be increased by 74%, and raisins can also be increased by 50.3%. Rose dew grape contains more seeds. After using gibberellin, gibberellin makes the development speed of grape pollen and embryo sac inconsistent, thus forming seedless fruit.

According to experiments, the use of gibberellin rose dew grapes can make the seedless rate reach about 95%. The use of gibberellin is suitable for seedless white and rose dew grape varieties. Usually 100 mg/L of gibberellin is used to soak the inflorescence about 14 days before blooming, and a little shake to make it fully receive the medicine, so that the pollen loses the germination power, but it is easy to Make the fruit smaller. So about 9 days after blooming, soak the ears with gibberellin 100mg/L again. In large-area grape-producing areas, spray gibberellin 100-200mg/L about 12 days after blooming, pay attention to spray on the inflorescence, not on the leaves. Note that gibberellin is only suitable for some grape varieties. Kyoho grapes cannot play this role. Instead, small fruits and green fruits will be formed, which will affect the edible value. Therefore, whether other grape varieties can adapt to other grape varieties needs to be tested on the basis of experiments. ; Gibberellin has the effect of improving seedless fruit setting on other European seedless varieties and varieties whose seeds are prone to abortion and shattering, but the low concentration of gibberellin (<20mg/L) promotes new shoot growth Instead, it promotes the shedding of fruit particles, especially spraying in the full bloom period can cause yield reduction.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Spraying flower clusters with 10mg/L solution can make the ovary expand without being refined to form seedless fruits, which can increase the yield of grapes.

Gibberellin + agricultural streptomycin After the Kyoho inflorescence is treated with gibberellin 100mg/L + agricultural streptomycin 400mg/L, the seedless rate reaches 95%, and it can promote early ripening of the fruit and increase the soluble solid content. Although the seedless rate of the Black Aolin variety can reach 98% after treatment, the small fruit kernels increase and the ear weight is significantly lower, so it is not used.

P-Chlorphenoxyacetic acid (PCPA) Treat grapes with a mixture of PCPA 15mg/L and gibberellin 20mg/L 5 days before flowering, and then treat them with gibberellin 15mg/L 10 days after flowering, which can induce the formation of seedless grapes , The seedless rate can reach 100%, the average grain weight of seedless fruits is 6.97-9.08g, and the fruit shedding rate is only 8.7%, which can also make the maturity period advance 10-15 days.

Gibberellin + p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid induces the denucleation of Kyoho fruit, and the effect of treatment with gibberellin or p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid alone is not satisfactory, the seedless rate is less than 90%, and the phytotoxicity is relatively serious. With gibberellin 10～15mg/L and 15mg/L of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, dipping the manuscript 5 days before flowering, the seedless rate can be as high as 97.1%～99%, the phytotoxicity is reduced, the fruit is stable, and the flesh develops good. 10 to 14 days after flowering and then treated with gibberellin 25mg/L solution once, the fruit size is obviously enlarged, the maturity period is advanced 10 to 15 days, and the economic benefits are obvious.

Note: It should be used in strict accordance with the specified concentration, otherwise it is easy to cause phytotoxicity. When dispensing the medicine, first dissolve the powder with a small amount of hot water, and then add the full amount of water according to the used concentration. This medicine cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers and pesticides.

Gibberellin + antibiotics for Kyoho grape blooming stage 200mg/L kanamycin + 200mg/L streptomycin + (50～150)mg/L gibberellin, seedless rate of 100%, general use for the second and third time Fruit size enlargement agent.

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Anne Chou

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